Public health effects of accidents in self-employed forestry work

Little is known about the extent of work-related accidents occurring during the performance of forestry work by the non-industrial private forest owner or their assistant (hereafter called self-employed NIPF). The absence of an effective accident registration system largely excludes this group from accurate representation in official statistics. In this study, data from 1996 to 2001 were collected from hospital injury records managed by the Umeå Accident Analysis Group at the University Hospital in Umeå. During that period, it was found that 485 persons in the Umeå region were given medical attention due to injuries possibly acquired during self-employed forestry work. Questionnaires about the accidents were sent to each of the 485 injured persons and 80% were returned. Responses revealed that 225 of the respondents were injured during self-employed forestry work. Out of these, 81% performed fewer than 31 days of forestry work annually. Due to the injury, 29% had been on sick leave for some period of time and 42% had persistent symptoms. On average, each injury led to 13 days of sick leave and 24 hours of institutional care. Firewood production was shown to be a key factor behind the large number of accidents for self-employed NIPF. Further studies on the lack of knowledge about how the work should be done and conscious risk taking should be considered as an important link to the development of effective accident prevention strategies.     

湖北宜昌公益林可持续经营能力的数量化评价

论述了宜昌公益林可持续经营数量化评价的指导思想和基本原则,并以公益林可持续经营的基本要素为依据,建立了综合评价指标变量集;通过主成分分析和层次分析,提取了累计贡献率大于81%的11个指标因子,确定了各指标因子的权重;从发展规模总量和结构协调度两方面对公益林可持续经营能力进行了评价,认为宜昌公益林的发展规模不断扩大,但其结构协调度DHT=0.722,协调能力较差,仍处于弱可持续发展阶段.     

The implications of various silvicultural funding arrangements for privately managed public forest land in Canada

When devising policies for financing private silvicultural operations on public forest land, government agencies should consider carefully the benefits and costs of alternative arrangements and how they arc likely to affect tenure holders' behavior. Three general methods of achieving silvicultural objectives arc discussed — the creation of incentives for private voluntary expenditures, reimbursement by governments of expenditures on approved or required silvicultural operations, and required silvicultural operations at the tenure holder's expense.Private firms will only invest voluntarily in silviculture on public lands if they have adequate security of tenure and hold sufficient equity in the timber values resulting from their activities. If firms' silvicultural costs arc reimbursed, their behavior will depend on the extent of reimbursement and whether they have a financial interest in the outcomes of their reimbursed activities. Generally, reimbursement of expenditures must be supported by minimum performance standards and costly monitoring and enforcement procedures. If silvicultural operations are required at the tenure holder's expense, firms will only undertake silviculture to avoid penalties and have a strong incentive to achieve required standards at minimum cost. More stringent monitoring and enforcement procedures may be necessary than if costs arc reimbursed.The impact of policy alternatives is illustrated by means of a survey of silvicultural expenditures on two forest tenure types in British Columbia.     

新型兽医服务体系建设要素

兽医服务体系对畜牧业持续建康发展,动物重大疫病防控,保障公共卫生安全等起着十分重要的作用。论文结合国家对"三农"工作的发展要求,从兽医服务体系改革思路、构建新型体制机制、提升兽医专业技能水平、政策支持,建立有效的财政保障运行机制、推广普及和新技术应用、完善兽医法律体系建设和兽医信息化建设等方面进行了论述,以期为人类和社会提供更好的服务。     

The face of conservation responding to a dynamically changing world

In its 40‐year history, the science of conservation has faced unprecedented challenges in terms of environmental damage and rapid global change, and environmental problems are only increasing as greater demands are placed on limited natural resources. Conservation science has been adapting to keep pace with these changes. Here, we highlight contemporary and emerging trends and innovations in conservation science that we believe represent the most effective responses to biodiversity threats. We focus on specific areas where conservation science has had to adjust its approach to address emerging threats to biodiversity, including habitat destruction and degradation, climate change, declining populations and invasive species. We also document changes in attitudes, norms and practices among conservation scientists. A key component to success is engaging and maintaining public support for conservation, which can be facilitated through the use of technology. These recent trends in conservation and management are innovative and will assist in optimizing conservation strategies, increasing our leverage with the general public and tackling our current environmental challenges.     

历史和现实双重视角下中国基层图书馆属性和功能定位

[目的/意义]基层图书馆从无到有,发展至成为新时代基层文化阵地,其属性和功能定位随着时代发展较历史上更为丰富,准确定位新时代基层图书馆属性和功能,有利于有效发挥基层图书馆的各项文化功能,关系到乡村振兴战略和坚定文化自信的顺利推进。[方法/过程]文章回顾了基层图书馆的发展历史,从历史视角总结分析基层图书馆属性和功能随时代发展变化的特点,结合目前基层图书馆的现实定位,观察和分析中国基层图书馆的属性及其功能定位。[结果/结论]随着时代需求的变化,新时代基层图书馆的属性从动能、使命、思维3个维度进行了拓展,其功能也因融入了文旅融合、文化兴农、新型农民培育、乡村振兴、文化自信等方面的需求而变得更为丰富。     

南宋林光世营治潮州西湖的公共性分析

南宋开庆年间,潮州知州林光世组织了一次针对潮州西湖的风景营治。通过运用历史文献分析法,详细探讨了林光世营治潮州西湖的目的、建设内容、管理工具、管理机构、管理程序和建设制度等相关内容。林光世营治潮州西湖过程中所呈现的工程量计算、工程预算管理、浚湖卫城局、工程审批、田亩征用、财政支付、勒石公示等相关内容,都深刻反映了古代公共管理在州府园林营治中的作用。进而认为,包括潮州西湖在内的州府园林的营治,得到了古代州府城市在公共管理上的支持。这种公共管理的介入,是古代州府园林公共性特征的一种表现。     

大理市森林资源分布格局及其保护现状分析

基于GIS空间分析技术,分析了大理市森林资源结构及其保护现状。结果表明,大理市林地面积占国土面积的56.70%,主要由有林地和灌木林地组成,占林地面积的94.79%;森林主要由乔木林组成,占比达93.60%;林地资源分布均匀,整体上分布于洱海四周山区,龄组结构合理;林地资源保护强度较高。     

基于IPA分析的上海典型滨江公共空间游憩满意度

上海黄浦滨江是国内滨水区建设的代表,如今已完成核心段两岸公共空间贯通,但各段发展并不均衡。文章以两岸4段典型公共空间为例,对社交媒体数据进行IPA分析,得到影响滨江各段公共空间游憩满意度的主要因素,并进一步通过方差分析了解4段滨江之间的差异情况。结果表明:1)滨江公共空间整体游憩满意度较高,但多段商业服务、外部交通、管理维护因素的满意度偏低;2)满意度由高到低为:徐汇滨江>世博滨江>杨浦滨江>虹口滨江,体现3种不同的发展程度;3)不同段影响游憩满意度的主要因素不同。最后,根据研究结果对浦江两岸公共空间提出优化建议,以期为城市滨水区规划设计提供有效的技术支持和决策依据。     

农户分化、公共服务设施对宅基地有偿使用意愿的影响研究——以伊宁市改革试点调研为例

【目的】 新疆伊宁市具有典型的自然条件,同时社会经济结构多样,各乡镇距离与伊宁市市区较近,研究宅基地有偿使用的影响因素极具可复制性和代表性,探析农户分化与农村公共服务设施建设供给对农户宅基地有偿使用意愿的影响因素,对深化伊宁市及不同区域宅基地制度改革和完善农村公共服务设施建设,规范农村土地管理、提高农户收入、促进乡村振兴等具有重要理论价值和现实意义。【方法】 基于农户视角下,文章通过对伊宁市各乡镇村实地抽样调查方式,构建农村公共服务设施指标体系,并通过熵权法测算农村公共服务设施指数;同时建立二元Logistics模型,运用实证检验来分析农村公共服务设施与农户分化对宅基地有偿使用意愿的影响。【结果】 农村公共服务设施越完善,农户宅基地有偿使用概率越大,且公共服务设施实证检验中医疗设施、交通设施、生产与生活设施对农户宅基地有偿使用意愿影响显著,而教育设施影响不显著;农户分化程度的大小,具有对农村公共服务设施影响农户宅基地有偿使用意愿起到调节作用,且农户分化程度越大越能促进农村宅基地生产经营规模多效利用,从而增强农村公共服务设施对农户宅基地有偿使用意愿的正向影响。【结论】 为促进宅基地制度改革和乡村振兴,集约节约使用农村土地,盘活利用宅基地,应该因地制宜,以经济手段与行政手段为主,法律手段为辅,加强公共服务设施建设和拓宽农户就业创业渠道,提升宅基地地价和价值辐射,提高农户宅基地有偿使用的意愿;并针对不同类型农户实施差别化宅基地有偿使用调控政策,防止宅基地违建和规范使用。